AKAGERA NATIONAL PARK TRAVEL GUIDE, RWANDA

Founded in 1934, Akagera National Park is Central Africa's largest protected wetland and the last remaining refuge for savannah - adapted species in Rwanda and home to the famous Big 5 game (lions, leopards, buffaloes, rhinos and elephants).

It is named after the Akagera River that flows along its eastern boundary and feeds into a labyrinth of lakes of which the largest is Lake Ihema.

A boat trip on lakes Ihema and Rwanyakizinga is also a highlight of any visit to Akagera, with its large pods of hippos, Nile crocodiles and abundant birdlife.

Location Of The Akagera National Park, Rwanda

Akagera National Park is located in the eastern part of Rwanda, along the border with Tanzania. This park is one of Rwanda's most significant protected areas, known for its diverse ecosystems and rich wildlife.

Geographical Position of Akagera National Park, Rwanda

Eastern Rwanda: Akagera National Park is situated in the eastern province of Rwanda, approximately 2-3 hours by road from the capital city, Kigali.

Border with Tanzania: The park lies along the international border with Tanzania, with the Akagera River forming part of this boundary.

Major Features of Akagera National Park, Rwanda

Size and Terrain: The park covers an area of approximately 1,122 square kilometers (433 square miles). It encompasses a variety of landscapes, including savannahs, montane forests, and swamps.

Lakes and Wetlands: Akagera is home to a complex system of lakes and papyrus swamps, making up over a third of the park. Lake Ihema, the second-largest lake in Rwanda, is a prominent feature.

Mountains: The park's western boundary is marked by the Mutumba Hills, which reach altitudes of nearly 2,000 meters. These highlands provide spectacular views over the lakes and swamps to the east.

Akagera National Park Accessibility

Road Access: The park is accessible by road from Kigali, with the journey taking approximately 2-3 hours. The roads are well-maintained, making it a comfortable trip for visitors.

Nearby Towns: The nearest major town to Akagera National Park is Kibungu (also known as Ngoma), located to the west of the park.

Akagera National Park's strategic location in eastern Rwanda, along the border with Tanzania, makes it a unique and valuable destination for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers. Its diverse landscapes, rich biodiversity, and accessibility from Kigali enhance its appeal as a must-visit destination in Rwanda.

History of Akagera National Park, Rwanda

Akagera National Park, located in eastern Rwanda, has a rich and complex history shaped by both natural and human influences.

Early History of Akagera National Park, Rwanda

1934: Akagera National Park was established by the Belgian colonial government to protect the diverse ecosystems and wildlife in the region. The park originally covered an area of 2,500 square kilometers (965 square miles) and included savannah, montane, and swamp habitats.

Akagera National Park during the Post-Colonial Period

1960s-1970s: During this period, the park was home to a wide range of wildlife, including the Big Five: lions, leopards, elephants, buffaloes, and rhinos. The park was also known for its large population of African wild dogs, which were so abundant that they were considered a pest by the Belgian government.

1980s: The park faced significant challenges, including poaching and habitat destruction. The population of black rhinos, which had been introduced from Tanzania in the 1950s, declined due to poaching, and the last confirmed sighting was in 2007.

Impact of the Rwandan Genocide to Akagera National Park, Rwanda

1990-1994: Akagera National Park became a battleground during the Rwandan Civil War and the subsequent genocide. The park's infrastructure was damaged, and many animals were killed or displaced.

Post-Genocide: After the genocide, returning refugees settled in and around the park, leading to further habitat destruction and human-wildlife conflicts. The park's size was reduced by two-thirds, from 2,500 square kilometers to 1,122 square kilometers (433 square miles), to accommodate the resettlement of refugees.

Conservation and Rehabilitation of Akagera National Park, Rwanda

2009: The Rwandan government signed a 20-year management agreement with African Parks, a non-profit organization, to rehabilitate and manage Akagera National Park. This partnership aimed to restore the park's ecosystems and wildlife populations.

2010s: Significant conservation efforts were undertaken, including the construction of a western boundary fence, the deployment of an air surveillance helicopter, and the establishment of a canine anti-poaching unit. These measures helped improve the security of the park and protect its wildlife.

2015: Lions were reintroduced to Akagera National Park after being extinct in the area for over a decade. The reintroduction was part of a broader effort to restore the park's predator populations.

2017: Eastern black rhinoceroses were reintroduced to the park from South Africa, marking a significant milestone in the park's conservation efforts.

Recent Developments at Akagera National Park, Rwanda

Present Day: Akagera National Park has become a model for successful conservation and community engagement. The park's wildlife populations have rebounded, and it now attracts tourists from around the world. The partnership with African Parks continues to ensure the park's long-term sustainability and protection.

Akagera National Park's history is a testament to the resilience of nature and the importance of conservation efforts. From its establishment in 1934 to its current status as a thriving wildlife sanctuary, the park has overcome numerous challenges and continues to play a vital role in Rwanda's natural heritage.